Astrobiology is an interdisciplinary field that explores the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe, addressing one of the most fundamental questions in basic science. By integrating biology, astronomy, geology, and chemistry, this field examines the potential for extraterrestrial life, planetary habitability, and the mechanisms by which terrestrial organisms adapt to extreme environments. Our recent research focuses on four key areas: (1) the origins of life on Earth and Mars, the evolution of their early biospheres, and the technological exploration of Martian life; (2) the potential for life within the subsurface oceans of the icy moons of the two gas giant planets; (3) the origin and evolution of the solar system’s oldest amino acids, including their contributions to the emergence of life on various planets; and (4) the habitability of exoplanets and the detection of biosignatures. Ultimately, astrobiological research offers profound insights into humanity’s relationship with Earth’s biosphere, our future trajectory, and our place within cosmic space and time.
